The R-strategies
Avoid creating the waste in the first place.
Use less material or fewer resources.
Use an item again for the same purpose.
Fix a product to extend its life.
Restore a product to good working condition.
Rebuild a product to as-new using recovered parts.
Use an item or component for a different purpose.
Increase utilisation through sharing/pooling.
Process materials into secondary raw materials.
Biologically process organics into compost.
Recover energy or value from residual waste.
Treat hazardous/special waste to reduce harm.
Final responsible disposal when no higher option exists.
Training and awareness that enable circular behaviour.
Assess flows and opportunities (waste/material audits).
Finance and project support that enable circular action.